Ncert Exercises & Solutions

From a molecular view point, discuss the temperature dependence of susceptibility for diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism.

Hint: Use the concept of magnetisation of materials.

Step 1: Susceptibility of magnetic material

χ = \frac{I}{H}

where I is the intensity of magnetization induced in the material and H is the magnetizing force.
Diamagnetism is due to the orbital motion of electrons in an atom developing magnetic moments opposite to the applied field. Thus, the resultant magnetic moment of the diamagnetic material is zero and hence, the susceptibility

χ

of a diamagnetic material is not much affected by temperature.

Step 2: Paramagnetism and ferromagnetism are due to alignments of atomic magnetic moments in the direction of the applied field. As the temperature is raised, the alignment is disturbed, resulting in a decrease in susceptibility of both with an increase in temperature.

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