Ncert Exercises & Solutions

If there were only one type of charge in the universe, then,

(a)	$\oint_{s} E . d S \neq 0$ on any surface.
(b)	$\oint_{s} E . d S = 0$ if the charge is outside the surface.
(c)	$\oint_{s} E . d S$ could not be defined.
(d)	$\oint_{s} E . dS = \frac{q}{ε_{0}}$ if charges of magnitude $q$ were inside the surface.

Choose the correct statement(s):

1. (a) and (d)
2. (a) and (c)
3. (b) and (d)
4. (c) and (d)

(3) Hint: Use Gauss' law.

Step 1: Find the electric flux passing through a surface.
Gauss' law states that

\oint_{s} E . dS = \frac{q}{ε_{0}}

, where q is the charge enclosed by the surface. If the charge is outside the surface, then the charge enclosed by the surface is equal to 0 and thus,

\oint_{s} E . d S = 0

. Here, the electric flux doesn't depend on the type or nature of the charge.

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