14.4 Which of the following functions of time represent (a) simple harmonic, (b) periodic but not simple harmonic, and (c) non-periodic motion? Give period for each case of periodic motion (ω is any positive constant):
(a) sin ωt – cos ωt
(b) sin3 ωt
(c) 3 cos (π/4 – 2ωt)
(d) cos ωt + cos 3ωt + cos 5ωt
(e) e-ω2t2
(f) 1+ωt+ω2t2
(a)
The given function is:
y=sinωt−cosωty=√2[1√2sinωt−1√2cosωt]y=√2[sinωt×cosπ4−cosωt×sinπ4]y=√2sin(ωt−π4)
This function represents SHM as it can be written in the form:
y=Asin(ωt+ϕ)
Its period is: 2πω
(b)
The given function is:
y=sin3ωt
y=12[3 sinωt-sin3ωt]
The terms sinωt and sin3ωt individually represent simple harmonic motion (SHM).
However, the superposition of two SHM is periodic and but not simple harmonic.
(c)
The given function is:
y=3cos[π4-2ωt]
y=3cos[2ωt-π4]
This function represents simple harmonic motion because it can
be written in the form:
y=Acos(ωt-ϕ)
Its period is: T= 2π2ω=πω
(d)
The given function is:
y=cosωt+cos3ωt+cos5ωt.
Each individual cosine function represents SHM. However, the superposition of three simple harmonic motions is periodic, but not simple harmonic.
(e)
The given function is:
y=e(-ω2t2)
It is an exponential function. Exponential functions do not repeat themselves. Therefore, it is a non-periodic motion.
The given function is:
y=1+ωt+ω2t2
It is a non-periodic function as it does not repeat itself.
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