Ncert Exercises & Solutions

3.14 A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km h^–1. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km h^–1. What is the

(a) magnitude of average velocity, and

(b) average speed of the man over the interval of time (i) 0 to 30 min, (ii) 0 to 50 min, (iii) 0 to 40 min? [Note: You will appreciate from this exercise why it is better to define average speed as total path length divided by time, and not as the magnitude of average velocity. You would not like to tell the tired man on his return home that his average speed was zero!

Time taken by the man to reach the market from home, $t_{1} = \frac{2.5}{5} = \frac{1}{2} h = 30 m i n$

Time taken by the man to reach home from the market, $t_{2} = \frac{2.5}{7.5} = \frac{1}{3} h = 20 m i n$

Total time taken in the whole journey = 30 + 20 = 50 min

$(i) 0 t o 30 m i n$
$A v r a g e v e l o c i t y = \frac{D i s p l a c e m e n t}{T i m e} = \frac{2.5}{(1 / 2)} = 5 k m / h$
$A v e r a g e s p e e d = \frac{D i s \tan c e}{T i m e} = \frac{2.5}{(1 / 2)} = 5 k m / h$
$(i i) 0 t o 50 m i n$
$T i m e = 50 m i n = \frac{50}{60} = \frac{5}{6} h$
$N e t d i s p l a c e m e n t = 0$
$T o t a l d i s \tan c e = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5 k m$
$A v e r a g e v e l o c i t y = \frac{D i s p l a c e m e n t}{T i m e} = 0$
$A v e r a g e s p e e d = \frac{D i s \tan c e}{T i m e} = \frac{5}{(5 / 6)} = 6 k m$
$(i i i) 0 t o 40 m i n$
$S p e e d o f t h e m a n = 7.5 k m / h$
$D i s \tan c e t r a v e l l e d i n f i r s t 30 m i n = 2.5 k m$
$D i s \tan c e t r a v e l l e d b y t h e m a n (f r o m m a r k e t t o h o m e) i n t h e n e x t 10 m i n$
$= 7.5 \times \frac{10}{60} = 1.25 k m$
$N e t d i s p l a c e m e n t = 2.5 - 1.25 = 1.25 k m$
$T o t a l d i s \tan c e t r a v e l l e d = 2.5 + 1.25 = 3.75 k m$
$A n d a v e r a g e v e l o c i t y = \frac{D i s p l a c e m e n t}{T i m e} = \frac{1.25}{(40 / 60)} = 1.875 k m / h$
$A v e r a g e s p e e d = \frac{D i s \tan c e}{T i m e} = \frac{3.75}{(40 / 60)} = 5.625 k m / h$

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