Ncert Exercises & Solutions

In the synthesis of sodium carbonate, the recovery of ammonia is done by treating ${NH}_{4} Cl$ with $Ca {(OH)}_{2}$ . The by-product obtained in this process is

1. ${CaCl}_{2}$

2. $NaCl$

3. $NaOH$

4. ${NaHCO}_{3}$

Hint: Acid-Base reaction takes place between NH₄Cl, and Ca(OH)₂

Sodium carbonate is synthesized by the Solvay ammonia soda process.

The reactions involved are

{NH}_{3} + H_{2} O + {CO}_{2} \to \underset{Ammonium bicarbonate}{{NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3}}

NaCl + {NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3} \to \underset{Sodium bicarbonate}{{NaHCO}_{3} ↓} + {NH}_{4} Cl

2 {NaHCO}_{3} \overset{∆}{\to} \underset{Sodium carbonate}{{Na}_{2} {CO}_{3}} + H_{2} O + {CO}_{2}

NH₃ is recovered from

{NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3}

and

{NH}_{3} Cl

formed during the reaction.

{NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3} \overset{Heat}{\to} {NH}_{3} + H_{2} O + {CO}_{2}

\underset{Ammonium chloride}{2 {NH}_{4} Cl} + Ca {(OH)}_{2} \to \underset{Ammonia}{2 {NH}_{3}} + \underset{Calcium chloride}{{CaCl}_{2}} + 2 H_{2} O

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