Ncert Exercises & Solutions

Question 10.12:

Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.

Solvay process is used to prepare sodium carbonate.

When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a brine solution saturated with ammonia, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed. This sodium hydrogen carbonate is then converted to sodium carbonate.
Step 1: Brine solution is saturated with ammonia.

2 {NH}_{3} + H_{2} O + {CO}_{2} \to {({NH}_{4})}_{2} {CO}_{3}

This ammoniated brine is filtered to remove any impurity.
Step 2: Carbon dioxide is reacted with this ammoniated brine to result in the formation of insoluble sodium hydrogen carbonate.

{NH}_{3} + H_{2} O + {CO}_{2} \to {NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3}

NaCl + {NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3} \to {NH}_{4} {HCO}_{3} ↓ + {NH}_{4} Cl

Step 3: The solution containing crystals of NaHCO₃ is filtered to obtain NaHCO₃.

Step 4: NaHCO₃ is heated strongly to convert it into NaHCO₃.

2 {NaHCO}_{3} \to {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} + {CO}_{2} + H_{2} O

Step 5: To recover ammonia, the filtrate (after removing NaHCO₃) is mixed with Ca(OH)₂ and heated.

Ca {(OH)}_{2} + 2 {NH}_{4} Cl \to {LNH}_{3} + 2 H_{2} O + {CaCl}_{2}

The overall reaction taking place in Solvay process is

2 NaCl + {CaCO}_{3} \to {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} + {CaCl}_{2}

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