Ncert Exercises & Solutions

13. Differentiate between:

(a) hypocotyl and epicotyl;

(b) coleoptile and coleorhiza;

(c) integument and testa;

(d) perisperm and pericarp.

(a)

Hypocotyl	Epicotyl
1. The portion of the embryonal axis which lies below the cotyledon in a dicot embryo is known as the hypocotyl.	The portion of the embryonal axis which lies above the cotyledon in a dicot embryo is known as the epicotyl.
2. It terminates with the radicle.	It terminates with the plumule.

(b)

Coleoptile	Coleorrhiza
It is a conical protective sheath that encloses the plumule in a monocot seed.	It is an undifferentiated sheath that encloses the radicle and the root cap in a monocot seed.

(c)

Integument	Testa
It is the outermost covering of an ovule. It provides protection to it.	It is the outermost covering of a seed.

(d)

Perisperm	Pericarp
It is the residual nucellus which persists. It is present in some seeds such as beet and black pepper.	It is the ripened wall of a fruit, which develops from the wall of an ovary.