In the figure, two positive charges \(q_2\) and \(q_3\) fixed along the \(y\)-axis, exert a net electric force in the \(+x\text-\)direction on a charge \(q_1\) fixed along the \(x\)-axis. If a positive charge \(Q\) is added at \((x, 0),\) the force on \(q_1\):
1. | shall increase along the positive \(x\)-axis. |
2. | shall decrease along the positive \(x\)-axis. |
3. | shall point along the negative \(x\)-axis. |
4. | shall increase but the direction changes because of the intersection of \(Q\) with \(q_2\) and \(q_3\). |
Hint: Use the Coulomb's law.
Explanation: The net force on \(q_1\) by \(q_2\) and \(q _3\) is along the \(+x\text-\)direction, so the nature of force between \(q_1, q_2\) and \(q_1, q_3\) is attractive. This can be represented by the figure given below.
The attractive force between these charges states that \(q_1\) is a negative charge (since \(q_2\) and \(q _3\) are positive).
Thus, the nature of force between \(q_1\) and newly introduced charge \(Q\) (positive) is also attractive and the net force on \(q_1\) by \(q_2,\) \(q _3\) and \(Q\) are along the same direction as given in the diagram below.
The figure given above clearly shows that the force on \(q_1\) shall increase along the positive \(x\text -\)axis due to the positive charge \(Q.\) Since positive charge \(q_2\) and \(q _3\) exert a net force in the \(x\text -\)direction on the charge \(q_1\) fixed along the \(x\text -\)axis, the charge \(q_1\) is negative as shown in the figure. Obviously, due to the addition of a positive charge \(Q\) at \(( x, 0 ),\) the force on \(q_1\) shall increase along the positive \(x\text -\)axis.
Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.
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