Which one of the following hormones is not involved in sugar metabolism?
1. Glucagon
2. Cortisone
3. Aldosterone
4. Insulin
Which one of the following hormones though synthesised elsewhere, is stored and released by the master gland?
1. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
2. Antidiuretic hormone
3. Luteinizing hormone
4. Prolactin
A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is
1. Cortisol
2. Melatonin
3. Calcitonin
4. Epinephrine
Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of:
1. The parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate
2. The kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
3. The adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
4. The pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels
Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function:
1. Oxytocin - posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands
2. Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleepwake cycle
3. Progesterone-corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs
4. Atrial natriuretic factor - ventricular wall increases the blood pressure
Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
1. Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones
2. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones
3. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland
4. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus
A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of
1. Low secretion of growth hormone
2. Cancer of the thyroid gland
3. Over secretion of pars distalis
4. Deficiency of iodine in diet
Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom:
Endocrine gland |
Hormone |
Function/ deficiency/ symptoms |
|
1. |
Posterior pituitary |
Growth Hormone (GH) |
Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth |
2. |
Thyroid gland |
Thyroxine |
Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre |
3. |
Corpus luteum |
Testosterone |
Stimulates spermatogenesis |
4. |
Anterior pituitary |
Oxytocin |
Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth |
Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)
1. Somatostatin, oxytocin
2. Cortisol, testosterone
3. Insulin, glucagon
4. Thyroxin, Insulin
Which one of the following pairs of chemical substances, is correctly categorised?
1. Secretin and rhodopsin - Polypeptide hormones
2. Calcitonin and thymosin - Thyroid hormones
3. Pepsin and prolactin - Two digestive enzymes secreted in stomach
4. Troponin and myosin - Complex proteins in striated muscles
Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.
Gland |
Secretion |
Effect on Body |
A |
Oestrogen |
Maintenance of secondary sexual characters |
Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans |
B |
Raises blood sugar level |
Anterior pituitary |
C |
Over secretion leads to gigantism |
Options:
A |
B |
C |
|
1. |
Placenta |
Glucagon |
Calcitonin |
2. |
Ovary |
Glucagon |
Growth hormone |
3. |
Placenta |
Insulin |
Vasopressin |
4. |
Ovary |
Insulin |
Calcitonin |
The 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body such as the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the hormone.
1. Adrenaline
2. Melatonin
3. Calcitonin
4. Prolactin
Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?
1. Cortisol
2. Aldosterone
3. Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
4. Adrenaline
Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
1. Insulin–Diabetes mellitus (disease)
2. Glucagon – Beta cells (source)
3. Somatostatin – Delta cells (source)
4. Corpus luteum – Relaxin (secretion)
Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of
1. Thyrotoxicosis
2. Toxic goitre
3. Cretinism
4. Simple goitre
Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function
Hormone |
Source |
Function |
|
1. |
Vasopression |
Posterior pituitary |
Increases loss of water through urine |
2. |
Norepinephrine |
Adrenal medulla |
Increases heart beat, rate of respiration and alertness |
3. |
Glucagon |
Beta-cells of lslets of langerhans |
Stimulates glycogenolysis |
4. |
Prolactin |
Posterior Pituitary |
Regulates growth of mammary glands and milk formation in females |
The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to
1. Thalamus
2. Tonsil
3. Thymus
4. Thyroid
A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterised by (i) a low metabolic rate, (ii) increase in body weight and (iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is:
1. Simple goitre
2. Myxoedema
3. Cretinism
4. Hypothyroidism
The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of
1. Calcitonin
2. Parathormone
3. Thyroxine
4. Both Calcitonin and Parathormone
Which of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?
1. Adrenal and Ovary
2. Parathyroid and Adrenal
3. Pancreas and Parathyroid
4. Thymus and Testes
Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of
1. Lower levels of adrenalin / noradrenalin in its blood
2. Higher levels of thyroxin
3. Higher levels of cortisone
4. Lower levels of blood testosterone
Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoryed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action?
1. Gastrin
2. Thyroxin
3. Adrenaline
4. Glucagon
Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action?
1. cGMP
2. Calcium
3. Sodium
4. cAMP
Acromegaly is caused by
1. Excess of S.T.H.
2. Excess of thyroxin
3. Deficiency of thyroxin
4. Excess of adrenalin
Which of the following is not caused by hyperactivity of endocrine gland?
1. Conn’s syndrome
2. Cushing’s syndrome
3. Addison’s disease
4. Adrenal virilism
Which of the following is an auto-immune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH, but are not regulated by the normal negative feedback controls?
1. Myxoedema
2. Grave’s disease
3. Cretinism
4. Hypocalcemic tetany
According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, then the target organ will
1. Continue to respond to the hormone without any difference
2. Not respond to the hormone
3. Continue to respond to the hormone but will require higher concentration
4. Continue to respond to the hormone but in the opposite way
A sequential expression of a set of human genes occurs when a steroid molecule binds to the
1. Messenger RNA
2. DNA sequence
3. Ribosome
4. Transfer RNA