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Which is the correct order of ecological hierarchy?
(1) Biome $\to$ Populations $\to$ Community $\to$ Organism
(2) Organism $\to$ Biome $\to$ Population $\to$ Community
(3) Population $\to$ Community $\to$ Biome $\to$ Organism
(4) Organism $\to$ Population $\to$ Community $\to$ Biome

Father of Indian ecology is
(1) H. Reiter
(2) G. S. Puri
(3) R. Deo Mishra
(4) Hutchinson

Ecology describes
(1) Interactions between living organisms only
(2) Interactions between members of a single species only
(3) Interactions of organisms among themselves as well as with their surrounding abiotic components
(4) Intraspecific competitions only

Ecological equivalents meant for
(1) Two similar ecological niche in same geographical location
(2) Two similar ecological niche in two different geographical locations
(3) Organisms that occupy similar ecological niche in different geographical locations
(4) Organisms that occupy different ecological niche in different geographical locations

Factors which play significant role in the formation of major biomes are
(1) Temperature only
(2) Temperature and precipitation
(3) Precipitation and wind
(4) Precipitation and atmosphere

Permafrost condition is characteristic feature of
(1) Hot desert biome
(2) Cold desert biome
(3) Savanna biome
(4) Chaparral biome

Find out incorrect match
(1) Topographic factors – Soil texture
(2) Edaphic factors – Soil factors
(3) Climatic factors – Wind, humidity
(4) Physiographic factors – Mountain slope

Choose odd one with respect to, features of tropical rain forest
(1) Permafrost
(2) Drip tips
(3) Epiphytes
(4) Woody climber

Which of the following is most ecologically relevant factor?
(1) Precipitation
(2) Temperature
(3) Soil
(4) Wind

A kind of similarity found in polar regions and high altitudes is
(1) High temperature, low precipitation and deciduous forest
(2) Low temperature, snowfall, scanty or no vegetation
(3) Moderate rainfall, high temperature, no vegetation
(4) High humidity, high rainfall, low temperature

Mango, tuna fish, snow leopards are
(1) Euryhaline
(2) Stenothermal
(3) Eurythermal
(4) Eurythermal & euryhaline

Find out correct match with respect to salinity (in parts per thousand)
(1) In land water = >5
(2) Sea water = 60–65
(3) Hyper saline logoons = >100
(4) Fresh water = >3

Match Column I with Column II and choose correct option
       Column I                                    Column II
  (Means of transport)                       (Soil type)
a. Water                                           (i) Colluvial
b. Air                                                (ii) Alluvial
c. Gravity                                         (iii) Eolian
(1) a(i), b(ii), c(iii)
(2) a(i), b(iii), c(ii)
(3) a(ii), b(iii), c(i)
(4) a(iii), b(i), c(ii)

Below is the diagramatic representation of response of organisms against temperature. Find out the correct match.

(1) A-plants, B-birds
(2) A-birds, B-mammals
(3) C-mammals, B-plants
(4) A-birds, B-plants

Smaller animals tend to lose body heat very fast as compared to larger animals because they have
(1) Higher surface to volume ratio
(2) Lower surface to volume ratio
(3) Equal values of surface and volume
(4) Very low BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Match Column I with Column II and choose correct option
        Column I                              Column II
a. Aestivation                       (i) Over wintering
b. Hibernation                      (ii) Over summer
c. Diapause                         (iii) Suspended development in zooplanktons
(1) a(i), b(ii), c(iii)
(2) a(i), b(iii), c(ii)
(3) a(ii), b(i), c(iii)
(4) a(iii), b(i), c(ii)

Thick cuticle, sunken and scotoactive stomata, CAM photosynthesis and conversion of leaves into spines are some of the important characters of
(1) Desert plants
(2) Hydrophytes
(3) Xerophytes
(4) More than one option is correct

Warm blooded animals like mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ear and limbs. This is an explanation of
(1) Jordan’s rule
(2) Allen’s rule
(3) Rensch’s rule
(4) Bergman’s rule

Natural selection operates at
(1) Organismal level
(2) Population level
(3) Community level
(4) Ecosystem level

Find odd one with respect to population
(1) Natality
(2) Death rate
(3) Age pyramid
(4) Births

In nature, a given habitat has enough resources to support a maximum possible number, beyond which no further growth is possible. This characteristic feature of nature is known as
(1) Biotic potential
(2) Carrying capacity
(3) Natural selection
(4) Homeostasis

Predators play important role in
(1) Conduction of energy across trophic levels
(2) Maintainance of species diversity
(3) Control of prey population
(4) More than one option is correct

‘Resource partitioning’ is an important mechanism which promotes
(1) Competitive release
(2) Co-existence
(3) Competitive exclusion
(4) Antibiosis

a. Loss of unnecessary sense organs
b. Pressence of adhesive organs
c. Presence of suckers
d. High reproductive capacity
e. Well developed digestive system
Choose correct option with respect to parasites
(1) All a-e are correct
(2) Only a, b, d & e are correct
(3) Only a, b, c, d are correct
(4) Only d & e are incorrect

Camouflage is an important mechanism where
(1) Predators are never cryptically coloured for easy capturing of their prey
(2) Prey species are cryptically coloured to avoid being detected easily by the predator
(3) Prey produces some poisonous chemicals in their surroundings to protect themselves from predators
(4) Predators evolved some physiological adaptations to reach to the prey present in some harsh habitats

Organisms occupying similar ecological niche but different geographical areas of distribution are called
(1) Edge species
(2) Ecological equivalents
(3) Ecoclines
(4) Inquilines

Transition zone between two community is called
(1) Ecoline
(2) Ecotone
(3) Buffer zone
(4) Thermocline

The taiga region is also known as
(1) Deciduous forest
(2) Tropical rain forest
(3) Northern conifer forest
(4) Tropical savannah

Read the following statements with respect to features of biomes and select the correct option for tropical rain forests
a. Buttress roots
b. Vines, lianas and epiphytes are abundant
c. Highly leached soils
d. Soil has high base content
e. 30-40 m tall canopy structure with 2-3 strata only
(1) a, b & e
(2) b, c & d
(3) a, b & c
(4) c, d & e

A good soil is that which
(1) Has very high water holding capacity
(2) Has moderate water holding capacity
(3) Has very low water holding capacity
(4) Allows water to pass through it quickly

Soil porosity is maximum in
(1) Sandy soil
(2) Clay soil
(3) Silt
(4) Loam

Rise in the temperature and air humidity can be observed from
(1) Equator towards polar region
(2) Poles to equator region during latitudinal transition
(3) Plains to mountain top during altitudinal movement
(4) More than one option is correct

Match Column I with Column II and choose correct option
        Column I                             Column II
    (Depth of sea water)            (Algae type)
a. Shallowest depth                (i) Brown algae
b. Intermediate depth             (ii) Green algae
c. Greatest depth                   (iii) Red algae
(1) a(i), b(ii), c(iii)
(2) a(i), b(iii), c(ii)
(3) a(ii), b(i), c(iii)
(4) a(ii), b(iii), c(i)

A process which maintains constancy of internal body environment of organisms despite varying external environmental conditions is called as
(1) Homeostasis
(2) Epistasis
(3) Heterosis
(4) Antibiosis

Nearly all plants and an overwhelming majority (99 percent) of animals are categorised as
(1) Conformers – They can maintain a constant internal environment
(2) Conformers – They cannot maintain a constant internal environment
(3) Regulators – They can maintain a constant internal environment
(4) Regulators – They cannot maintain a constant internal environment

Keolado national park is situated at ______ and is famous for ______.
(1) Gir (Gujarat), Lion
(2) Ranthambhore (Rajasthan), Tiger
(3) Bharatpur (Rajasthan), Siberian cranes
(4) Hazaribag (Jharkhand), Tiger

Consider the following statements (A - D) each with one or two blanks.
(A) Some snails go into _____(i)_____ to avoid ____(ii)_____ related problems.
(B) Since small animals have a ____(iii)___ surface area relative to their volume, they tend to lose body heat _____(iv)______ when it is cold outside.
(C) Next to temperature, _____(v)____ is the most ecologically important environmental factor.
(D) Every ____(vi)____ the famous Keolado National Park in Rajasthan host thousands of migrating birds.
Which one of the following option gives the correct fill ups for the respective blank numbers from (i) to (vi) in the statements?
(1) (i) Hibernation, (ii), Summer, (v) Light
(2) (iii) Larger, (iv) Very fast, (v) Water
(3) (iv) Very slow, (v) Water, (vi) Summer
(4) (i) Aestivation, (ii) Winter, (v) Light

Select the correct statement with respect to adaptations
(1) Desert lizards bask in the sun and absorb heat when their body temperature drops below comfort zone
(2) To stop experiencing altitude sickness, the body compensates low oxygen availability by increasing binding affinity of haemoglobin
(3) Mammals of colder climate generally have larger ears and limbs to minimise heat loss
(4) Many desert plants have thin cuticle on their leaf surface and have their stomata arranged on upper surface to minimise water loss

When does the growth rate of a population following the logistic model equal zero? The logistic model is given as dN/dt = rN(1-N/K)
(1) When death rate is greater than birth rate
(2) When N/K is exactly one
(3) When N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat
(4) When N/K equals zero

In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely affected?
(1) Mutualism 
(2) Competition
(3) Predation
(4) Parasitism

The following graph depicts changes in two populations (A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason for these changes is that

(1) Population A consumed the members of population B
(2) Both plant populations in this habitat decreased
(3) Population B competed more successfully for food than population A
(4) Population A produced more offspring than population B

A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab. The association is
(1) Symbiosis
(2) Commensalism
(3) Amensalism
(4) Ectoparasitism

A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He found that the average natality was 250, average mortality 240, immigration 20 and emigration 30. The net increase in population is
(1) 15
(2) 05
(3) Zero
(4) 10