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The process of splicing in eukaryotes :
1. is reminiscent of antiquity
2. represents dominance of RNA world
3. is an indicator of the complexity of human genome
4. is a legacy of organic evolution

VNTR are useful in DNA profiling because they :
I. Are hypervariable
II. Are inherited
III. Synthesize constitutiveenzymes
1. I,II,II are correct
2. I and II are correct
3. I and III are correct
4. II and III are correct

Which enzyme polymerizes RNA with defined sequences in a template independent manner ?
1. Peptidyl transferase
2. RNA polymerase
3. Reverse transcriptase
4. Polynucleotide phosphorylase

In eukaryotes RNA polymerase II transcribes :
1. mRNA
2. rRNA
3. tRNA
4. hnRNA

The core RNA polymerase is capable of catalyzing which steps of transcription ?
1. Initiation only
2. Elongation only
3. Termination only
4. All of these

What defines a coding and a template strand in the transcription unit ?
1. Structural gene
2. Ori
3. Terminator
4. Promoter 

Which of the following acts as the substrate and provide energy for DNA replication ?
1. Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
2. Ribonucleoside triphosphates
3. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
4. Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates

Histones are :
1. Positively charged and basic amino acids
2. Negatively charged and basic proteins
3. Positively charged and acidic proteins
4. Not found in bacteria 

The amino acid acceptor arm of the tRNA is at its:
1. DHY loop
2. T$\mathrm{\psi }$C loop
3. 5' end
4. 3' end

What is the major difference between the lagging and leading strands during DNA replication ?
1. On the leading strand, DNA syntheses occurs 5' to 3', while DNA synthesis occurs form 3' to 5' on the lagging strand
2. DNA polymerase is able to continuously add new nucleotides on the leading strand while it must keep 'starting over' on the lagging strand
3. The lagging strand requires only a single primer while the leading strand requires many
4. Helicase opens the leading strand at a faster rate than the lagging strand

A tRNA molecule must :
1. have a base sequence identical to the codon in mRNA
2. be attached to a particular amino acid
3. bind to the protein to determine its primaryr structure
4. All of these

Regulatory domains of most activators interact with 
1. the transcription factor complex
2. RNA polymerase
3. repressors
4. the DNA binding domain

The enzyme that catalyzes the peptide bonding in prokaryotes is located in the :
1. Leader region of the mRNA
2. Central part of tRNA
3. Smaller subunit of the ribosome
4. Larger subunit of the ribosome

If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino acids and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered ?
1. 1
2. 11
3. 33
4. 333

An analysis of chromosomal DNA using the Southern hybridisation technique does not use 
1. Electrophoresis
2. Blotting
3. autoradiography
4. PCR

Which enzymes/s will be produced in a cell in which there is a non-sense mutation in the lac Y gene ?
1. $\mathrm{\beta }$-galactosidase
2. Lactose permease
3. Transacetylase
4. Lactose permease and transacetylase

Removal of RNA polymerase III from nucleioplasm will affect the synthesis of 
1. rRNA
2. hnRNA
3. mRNA
4. rRNA

Which one of the following is not a part of a transcription unit in DNA ?
1. The inducer 
2. A terminator
3. A promoter
4. The structural gene

Whose experiments cracked the DNA and discovered unequivocally that a genetic code is a triplet ?
1. Nirenberg and Mathaei
2. Hershey and chase
3. Morgan and Sturtevant
4. Beadle and Tatum

Telomere repetitive DNA sequences control the function of eukaryotic chromosomes because they :
1. act ass replicons
2. are RNA transcription initiator
3. help chromose pairing
4. prevent chromosome loss

Molecular basis of organ differentiation depends on the modulation in transcription by :
1. RNA polymerase
2. ribosome
3. transcription factor
4. anticodon

The Okazaki fragments in DNA chain growth :
1. Result in transcription
2. polymerize in the 3' to 5' direction and forms replication fork
3. prove semi-conservative nature of DNA replication
4. polymerize in the 5' to 3' direction and explain 3' to 5' DNA replication

A sequential expression of a set of human genes occurs when a steroid molecule binds to the 
1. transfer RNA
2. messenger RNA
3. DNA sequence
4. ribosome

Which antibiotic inhibits interaction between t-RNA and m-RNA during bacterial protein synthesis ?
1. Erythromycin
2. Neomycin
3. Sterptomycin
4. Tetracycline

Transcription in case of eukaryotes takes place in 
1. nucleus
2. nucleolus
3. cytoplasm
4. ribosome

Wobble hypothesis was given by
1. R.W. Holley
2. M. Nirenberg
3. H.G. Khorana
4. F.H.C. Crick

Which one of the following pairs of terms/name mean one and the same thing ?
1. Gene pool-genome
2. Codon-gene
3. Cistron-triplet
4. DNA fingerprinting-DNA profiling

Which one of the following codons codes for the same information as UGC ?
1. UGU
2. UGA
3. UAG
4. UGG

The total number of nitrogenous bases in human genome is estimated to be about
1. 3.5 million
2. 35 thousand
3. 35 million
4. 3.1 billion

Given below is a representation of a kind of chromosomal mutation. What is the kind of mutation represented ?

1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion
4. Reciprocal translocation

Some of the steps of DNA fingerprinting are given below. Identify their correct sequence from the potions given
A. Electrophoresis of DNA fragments
B. Hybridisation with DNA probe
C. Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases
D. Autoradiography
E. Blotting of NDA fragments to nitrocellulose membrane 
1. C-A-B-E-D
2. C-A-E-B-D
3. A-E-C-B-D
4. A-C-E-D-B

If the sequence of bases in the coding strand of a double stranded DNA is 5'-GTTCGAGTC-3', the sequence of bases in its transcript will be 
1. 5'-GACUCGAAC-3'
2. 5'-CAAGCUCAG-3'
3. 5'-GUUCGAGUC-3'
4. 5'-CUGAGCUUG-3'

Match the following column

Suppose, evolution on earth had occured in such a way that there are 96 amino acids instead of 20. DNA has 12 different types of bases and DNA synthesis occurs in the same way as today. The minimum number of bases per DNA codon would be 
1. 12
2. 8
3. 2
4. 3

In prokaryotes, the process of replication is catalysed by the following enzymes. Identify which of the enzymes is best coordinate with the role.

Which one is the characteristic of an organism ?
1. number of nucleotides
2. sequence of nucleotides
3. dimension of nucleotides
4. all of the above

If there are 10,000 nitrogenous base pairs in a DNA then how many nucleotides are there 
1. 500
2. 10,000
3. 20,000
4. 40,000

In rRNA, thymine pairs with
1. adenine
2. uracil
3. both A and B
4. None of these

Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes cannot take place at
1. primary transcript level
2. splicing level
3. transport of m-RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm
4. replication level

For lactose metabolism
1. all gene products are required
2. only structural gene products are required 
3. only Beta-galactosidase
4. Beta-galactosidase and permease are required

In Lac operon, the real inducer is 
1. lactose
2. allolactose
3. glucose
4. Beta-galactosidase

Represspor mRNA will be formed in
1. absence of inducer
2. presence of inducer
3. both A and B
4. presence of lac mRNA

Percentage of base sequences which are dissimiliar among humans is
1. 99.9 %
2. 0.01 %
3. 0.10 %
4. 1.01 %

The transferring of separated RNA fragments to synthetic membranes is called
1. Southern hybridisation
2. Northern hybridisation
3. Western hybridisation
4. Eastern hybridisation

The sensitivity of DNA fingerprinting increased from the efforts of inventor 
1. PCR
2. Alec Jeffreys
3. Kary Mullis
4. E.M Southern

Once the pattern found after one round of replication was observed, Meseison and Stahl could be confident of which of the following conclusions ?
1. Replication is semi-conservative
2. Replication is not dispersive
3. Replication is not semi-conservative
4. Replication is not conservative

In eukaryotes, the replication of DNA takes place
1. at S-phase of the cell cycle
2. before G2 and after G1 phase of the cell cycle
3. at M phase
4. Both a and b

Which of the following statement is not true for origin of replication
1. It's a definite place where replication originates
2. It should be present on vector DNA for making recombinant DNA
3. It should be present in host in which vector DNA has to be transferred
4. Both b and c

Template and coding strands are defined by the presence of 
1. terminator
2. structural gene
3. promoter
4. all of these

In transcription unit regulatory sequences are present 
1. always at the upstream of the promoter
2. always at the downstream of the promoter
3. may be present further upstream or downstream to the promoter
4. before the structural gene and after the promoter